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firmware/CMSISv1p30_LPC13xx/docs/CMSIS changes.htm
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<html>
<head>
<title>CMSIS Changes</title>
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<body>
<h1>Changes to CMSIS version V1.20</h1>
<hr>
<h2>1. Removed CMSIS Middelware packages</h2>
<p>
CMSIS Middleware is on hold from ARM side until a agreement between all CMSIS partners is found.
</p>
<h2>2. SystemFrequency renamed to SystemCoreClock</h2>
<p>
The variable name <strong>SystemCoreClock</strong> is more precise than <strong>SystemFrequency</strong>
because the variable holds the clock value at which the core is running.
</p>
<h2>3. Changed startup concept</h2>
<p>
The old startup concept (calling SystemInit_ExtMemCtl from startup file and calling SystemInit
from main) has the weakness that it does not work for controllers which need a already
configuerd clock system to configure the external memory controller.
</p>
<h3>Changed startup concept</h3>
<ul>
<li>
SystemInit() is called from startup file before <strong>premain</strong>.
</li>
<li>
<strong>SystemInit()</strong> configures the clock system and also configures
an existing external memory controller.
</li>
<li>
<strong>SystemInit()</strong> must not use global variables.
</li>
<li>
<strong>SystemCoreClock</strong> is initialized with a correct predefined value.
</li>
<li>
Additional function <strong>void SystemCoreClockUpdate (void)</strong> is provided.<br>
<strong>SystemCoreClockUpdate()</strong> updates the variable <strong>SystemCoreClock</strong>
and must be called whenever the core clock is changed.<br>
<strong>SystemCoreClockUpdate()</strong> evaluates the clock register settings and calculates
the current core clock.
</li>
</ul>
<h2>4. Advanced Debug Functions</h2>
<p>
ITM communication channel is only capable for OUT direction. To allow also communication for
IN direction a simple concept is provided.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Global variable <strong>volatile int ITM_RxBuffer</strong> used for IN data.
</li>
<li>
Function <strong>int ITM_CheckChar (void)</strong> checks if a new character is available.
</li>
<li>
Function <strong>int ITM_ReceiveChar (void)</strong> retrieves the new character.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
For detailed explanation see file <strong>CMSIS debug support.htm</strong>.
</p>
<h2>5. Core Register Bit Definitions</h2>
<p>
Files core_cm3.h and core_cm0.h contain now bit definitions for Core Registers. The name for the
defines correspond with the Cortex-M Technical Reference Manual.
</p>
<p>
e.g. SysTick structure with bit definitions
</p>
<pre>
/** @addtogroup CMSIS_CM3_SysTick CMSIS CM3 SysTick
memory mapped structure for SysTick
@{
*/
typedef struct
{
__IO uint32_t CTRL; /*!< Offset: 0x00 SysTick Control and Status Register */
__IO uint32_t LOAD; /*!< Offset: 0x04 SysTick Reload Value Register */
__IO uint32_t VAL; /*!< Offset: 0x08 SysTick Current Value Register */
__I uint32_t CALIB; /*!< Offset: 0x0C SysTick Calibration Register */
} SysTick_Type;
/* SysTick Control / Status Register Definitions */
#define SysTick_CTRL_COUNTFLAG_Pos 16 /*!< SysTick CTRL: COUNTFLAG Position */
#define SysTick_CTRL_COUNTFLAG_Msk (1ul << SysTick_CTRL_COUNTFLAG_Pos) /*!< SysTick CTRL: COUNTFLAG Mask */
#define SysTick_CTRL_CLKSOURCE_Pos 2 /*!< SysTick CTRL: CLKSOURCE Position */
#define SysTick_CTRL_CLKSOURCE_Msk (1ul << SysTick_CTRL_CLKSOURCE_Pos) /*!< SysTick CTRL: CLKSOURCE Mask */
#define SysTick_CTRL_TICKINT_Pos 1 /*!< SysTick CTRL: TICKINT Position */
#define SysTick_CTRL_TICKINT_Msk (1ul << SysTick_CTRL_TICKINT_Pos) /*!< SysTick CTRL: TICKINT Mask */
#define SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Pos 0 /*!< SysTick CTRL: ENABLE Position */
#define SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk (1ul << SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Pos) /*!< SysTick CTRL: ENABLE Mask */
/* SysTick Reload Register Definitions */
#define SysTick_LOAD_RELOAD_Pos 0 /*!< SysTick LOAD: RELOAD Position */
#define SysTick_LOAD_RELOAD_Msk (0xFFFFFFul << SysTick_LOAD_RELOAD_Pos) /*!< SysTick LOAD: RELOAD Mask */
/* SysTick Current Register Definitions */
#define SysTick_VAL_CURRENT_Pos 0 /*!< SysTick VAL: CURRENT Position */
#define SysTick_VAL_CURRENT_Msk (0xFFFFFFul << SysTick_VAL_CURRENT_Pos) /*!< SysTick VAL: CURRENT Mask */
/* SysTick Calibration Register Definitions */
#define SysTick_CALIB_NOREF_Pos 31 /*!< SysTick CALIB: NOREF Position */
#define SysTick_CALIB_NOREF_Msk (1ul << SysTick_CALIB_NOREF_Pos) /*!< SysTick CALIB: NOREF Mask */
#define SysTick_CALIB_SKEW_Pos 30 /*!< SysTick CALIB: SKEW Position */
#define SysTick_CALIB_SKEW_Msk (1ul << SysTick_CALIB_SKEW_Pos) /*!< SysTick CALIB: SKEW Mask */
#define SysTick_CALIB_TENMS_Pos 0 /*!< SysTick CALIB: TENMS Position */
#define SysTick_CALIB_TENMS_Msk (0xFFFFFFul << SysTick_VAL_CURRENT_Pos) /*!< SysTick CALIB: TENMS Mask */
/*@}*/ /* end of group CMSIS_CM3_SysTick */</pre>
<h2>7. DoxyGen Tags</h2>
<p>
DoxyGen tags in files core_cm3.[c,h] and core_cm0.[c,h] are reworked to create proper documentation
using DoxyGen.
</p>
<h2>8. Folder Structure</h2>
<p>
The folder structure is changed to differentiate the single support packages.
</p>
<ul>
<li>CM0</li>
<li>CM3
<ul>
<li>CoreSupport</li>
<li>DeviceSupport</li>
<ul>
<li>Vendor
<ul>
<li>Device
<ul>
<li>Startup
<ul>
<li>Toolchain</li>
<li>Toolchain</li>
<li>...</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Device</li>
<li>...</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Vendor</li>
<li>...</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Example
<ul>
<li>Toolchain
<ul>
<li>Device</li>
<li>Device</li>
<li>...</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Toolchain</li>
<li>...</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Documentation</li>
</ul>
<h2>9. Open Points</h2>
<p>
Following points need to be clarified and solved:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>
Equivalent C and Assembler startup files.
</p>
<p>
Is there a need for having C startup files although assembler startup files are
very efficient and do not need to be changed?
<p/>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Placing of HEAP in external RAM.
</p>
<p>
It must be possible to place HEAP in external RAM if the device supports an
external memory controller.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Placing of STACK /HEAP.
</p>
<p>
STACK should always be placed at the end of internal RAM.
</p>
<p>
If HEAP is placed in internal RAM than it should be placed after RW ZI section.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Removing core_cm3.c and core_cm0.c.
</p>
<p>
On a long term the functions in core_cm3.c and core_cm0.c must be replaced with
appropriate compiler intrinsics.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>10. Limitations</h2>
<p>
The following limitations are not covered with the current CMSIS version:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
No <strong>C startup files</strong> for ARM toolchain are provided.
</li>
<li>
No <strong>C startup files</strong> for GNU toolchain are provided.
</li>
<li>
No <strong>C startup files</strong> for IAR toolchain are provided.
</li>
<li>
No <strong>Tasking</strong> projects are provided yet.
</li>
</ul>

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<html>
<head>
<title>CMSIS Debug Support</title>
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<body>
<h1>CMSIS Debug Support</h1>
<hr>
<h2>Cortex-M3 ITM Debug Access</h2>
<p>
The Cortex-M3 incorporates the Instrumented Trace Macrocell (ITM) that provides together with
the Serial Viewer Output trace capabilities for the microcontroller system. The ITM has
32 communication channels which are able to transmit 32 / 16 / 8 bit values; two ITM
communication channels are used by CMSIS to output the following information:
</p>
<ul>
<li>ITM Channel 0: used for printf-style output via the debug interface.</li>
<li>ITM Channel 31: is reserved for RTOS kernel awareness debugging.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Debug IN / OUT functions</h2>
<p>CMSIS provides following debug functions:</p>
<ul>
<li>ITM_SendChar (uses ITM channel 0)</li>
<li>ITM_ReceiveChar (uses global variable)</li>
<li>ITM_CheckChar (uses global variable)</li>
</ul>
<h3>ITM_SendChar</h3>
<p>
<strong>ITM_SendChar</strong> is used to transmit a character over ITM channel 0 from
the microcontroller system to the debug system. <br>
Only a 8 bit value is transmitted.
</p>
<pre>
static __INLINE uint32_t ITM_SendChar (uint32_t ch)
{
/* check if debugger connected and ITM channel enabled for tracing */
if ((CoreDebug->DEMCR & CoreDebug_DEMCR_TRCENA) &amp;&amp;
(ITM-&gt;TCR & ITM_TCR_ITMENA) &amp;&amp;
(ITM-&gt;TER & (1UL &lt;&lt; 0)) )
{
while (ITM-&gt;PORT[0].u32 == 0);
ITM-&gt;PORT[0].u8 = (uint8_t)ch;
}
return (ch);
}</pre>
<h3>ITM_ReceiveChar</h3>
<p>
ITM communication channel is only capable for OUT direction. For IN direction
a globel variable is used. A simple mechansim detects if a character is received.
The project to test need to be build with debug information.
</p>
<p>
The globale variable <strong>ITM_RxBuffer</strong> is used to transmit a 8 bit value from debug system
to microcontroller system. <strong>ITM_RxBuffer</strong> is 32 bit wide to enshure a proper handshake.
</p>
<pre>
extern volatile int ITM_RxBuffer; /* variable to receive characters */
</pre>
<p>
A dedicated bit pattern is used to determin if <strong>ITM_RxBuffer</strong> is empty
or contains a valid value.
</p>
<pre>
#define ITM_RXBUFFER_EMPTY 0x5AA55AA5 /* value identifying ITM_RxBuffer is ready for next character */
</pre>
<p>
<strong>ITM_ReceiveChar</strong> is used to receive a 8 bit value from the debug system. The function is nonblocking.
It returns the received character or '-1' if no character was available.
</p>
<pre>
static __INLINE int ITM_ReceiveChar (void) {
int ch = -1; /* no character available */
if (ITM_RxBuffer != ITM_RXBUFFER_EMPTY) {
ch = ITM_RxBuffer;
ITM_RxBuffer = ITM_RXBUFFER_EMPTY; /* ready for next character */
}
return (ch);
}
</pre>
<h3>ITM_CheckChar</h3>
<p>
<strong>ITM_CheckChar</strong> is used to check if a character is received.
</p>
<pre>
static __INLINE int ITM_CheckChar (void) {
if (ITM_RxBuffer == ITM_RXBUFFER_EMPTY) {
return (0); /* no character available */
} else {
return (1); /* character available */
}
}</pre>
<h2>ITM Debug Support in uVision</h2>
<p>
uVision uses in a debug session the <strong>Debug (printf) Viewer</strong> window to
display the debug data.
</p>
<p>Direction microcontroller system -&gt; uVision:</p>
<ul>
<li>
Characters received via ITM communication channel 0 are written in a printf style
to <strong>Debug (printf) Viewer</strong> window.
</li>
</ul>
<p>Direction uVision -&gt; microcontroller system:</p>
<ul>
<li>Check if <strong>ITM_RxBuffer</strong> variable is available (only performed once).</li>
<li>Read character from <strong>Debug (printf) Viewer</strong> window.</li>
<li>If <strong>ITM_RxBuffer</strong> empty write character to <strong>ITM_RxBuffer</strong>.</li>
</ul>
<p class="Note">Note</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Current solution does not use a buffer machanism for trasmitting the characters.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>RTX Kernel awareness in uVision</h2>
<p>
uVision / RTX are using a simple and efficient solution for RTX Kernel awareness.
No format overhead is necessary.<br>
uVsion debugger decodes the RTX events via the 32 / 16 / 8 bit ITM write access
to ITM communication channel 31.
</p>
<p>Following RTX events are traced:</p>
<ul>
<li>Task Create / Delete event
<ol>
<li>32 bit access. Task start address is transmitted</li>
<li>16 bit access. Task ID and Create/Delete flag are transmitted<br>
High byte holds Create/Delete flag, Low byte holds TASK ID.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Task switch event
<ol>
<li>8 bit access. Task ID of current task is transmitted</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="Note">Note</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Other RTOS information could be retrieved via memory read access in a polling mode manner.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">&nbsp;</span></p>
<hr>
<p class="TinyT">Copyright © KEIL - An ARM Company.<br>
All rights reserved.<br>
Visit our web site at <a href="http://www.keil.com">www.keil.com</a>.
</p>
</body>
</html>

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include=mdmcpq.inf
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;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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